白及种子萌发与快速繁殖技术的研究

将不同胚龄的白及种子接种到不同培养基中进行培养,对白及种子萌发率、萌发时间、丛生芽增殖、生根等方面进行了研究。结果表明:白及种子萌发率与其胚龄及有胚率成正相关,萌发时间则与胚龄及有胚率成负相关;胚龄16周的种子在1 g/L花宝1号 2 g/L花宝2号的培养基上萌发率可达84%;胚龄等于或大于20周的种子萌发率不受培养基成分的影响,均可达100%,萌发时间只需7 d;丛生芽增殖的最佳培养基为1/2 MS 4.0 mg/L6-BA 0.2 mg/L NAA 100 g/L CM,其增殖倍数达4.41倍;诱导生根较好的培养基为1/2 MS 0.2 mg/L NAA,生根率达90%。     

白及非多糖组分止血活性成分研究

初步研究白及非多糖组分(BS-80EE)中止血活性成分。采用超高压液相色谱-电喷雾-四级杆-飞行时间串联质谱(UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF MS)联用技术分析BS-80EE中化学成分;利用二磷酸腺苷(ADP)、凝血酶(THR)诱导的血小板聚集实验和小鼠凝血时间(CT)实验初步评价其止血活性。结果显示,从BS-80EE中共成功指认了12个化合物。其中4-hydroxymethylphenylβ-D-glucoside(1)、blestroside(5)、gymnoside I(7)、gymnosideⅨ(14)、armatuside(17)能显著促进血小板聚集作用。4-Hydroxymethylphenylβ-D-glucoside(1)、α-isobutylmalic acid(3)、blestroside(5)、gymnoside I(7)、militarine(8)、gymnosideⅨ(14)、1-p-hydroxybenzyl-4-methoxyphenanthrene-2,7-diol(18)可显著缩短肝素化小鼠的CT值。该研究结果初步明确了BS-80EE发挥止血的物质基础。     

Predators of Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata nests in southern England as determined by digital nest-cameras

Capsule Avian predators are principally responsible.

Aims To document the fate of Spotted Flycatcher nests and to identify the species responsible for nest predation.

Methods During 2005–06, purpose-built, remote, digital nest-cameras were deployed at 65 out of 141 Spotted Flycatcher nests monitored in two study areas, one in south Devon and the second on the border of Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire.

Results Of the 141 nests monitored, 90 were successful (non-camera nests, 49 out of 76 successful, camera nests, 41 out of 65). Fate was determined for 63 of the 65 nests monitored by camera, with 20 predation events documented, all of which occurred during daylight hours. Avian predators carried out 17 of the 20 predations, with the principal nest predator identified as Eurasian Jay Garrulus glandarius. The only mammal recorded predating nests was the Domestic Cat Felis catus, the study therefore providing no evidence that Grey Squirrels Sciurus carolinensis are an important predator of Spotted Flycatcher nests. There was no evidence of differences in nest survival rates at nests with and without cameras. Nest remains following predation events gave little clue as to the identity of the predator species responsible.

Conclusions Nest-cameras can be useful tools in the identification of nest predators, and may be deployed with no subsequent effect on nest survival. The majority of predation of Spotted Flycatcher nests in this study was by avian predators, principally the Jay. There was little evidence of predation by mammalian predators. Identification of specific nest predators enhances studies of breeding productivity and predation risk.     

白及属药用植物化学成分及药理作用研究进展

结合国内外文献综述了白及属植物化学成分的研究进展,并对该属药用植物的药理活性进行了总结。白及属植物含有多种化学成分,主要有联苄类、二氢菲类、菲类、黄酮类、2-异丁基苹果酸葡萄糖氧基苄酯类、多酚类等。该属药用植物具有显著收敛止血、消肿生肌的功效。     

Spatial and behavioural measures of social discrimination by captive male zebra finches: Implications of sexual and species differences for recognition research

All bird species reproduce sexually and individuals need to correctly identify conspecifics for successful breeding. Captive zebra finches are a model system for studying the factors involved in species recognition and mate choice. However, male zebra finches’ behavioural responses in a spatial preference paradigm to a range of estrildid finch species, other than domesticated Bengalese finches, remain unknown. We investigated spatial and display responses of male zebra finch subjects to stimulus females between conspecific and four phylogeographically relevant finch species, in addition to female Bengalese finches. Surprisingly, male subjects did not show consistent spatial association with conspecific over heterospecific females. Overall, as predicted by sexual selection theory, the spatial proximity responses of males were less discriminatory compared to female zebra finches’ responses tested previously using the same paradigm. However, male subjects showed consistently more behavioural displays towards female conspecifics than heterospecifics which were positively related to the behavioural display rates of the respective female stimuli. Some male behavioural responses, other than song, also showed significant differences between the different stimulus species and consistently differed across individual test subjects, with the most individual subject variation seen in choice trials between female conspecific and Bengalese finch stimuli. The results are important for the design and interpretation of future behavioural and neurobiological experiments on species recognition systems using the zebra finch as a model species.     

不同培养基上白芨的种子萌发与幼苗形态发生

对无菌条件下白芨种子在不同培养基上的萌发及其幼苗形态发生进行了研究.结果表明:在白芨种子萌发过程中,种胚先转绿,然后在种胚远离残余胚柄的一端突破种皮,形成原球茎.在原球茎顶端分化出叶原基,并逐渐发育成叶片.在原球茎下部表面存在透明的毛状物,推测这些毛状物与幼根根毛是同功的.白芨种子萌发最适培养基为1/2 g·L-1 +1.0 mMS NAA.添加低浓度的外源细胞分裂素(6-BA或KT)与NAA组合均严重抑制种子的萌发,种子萌发率较低,形成的圆球茎较小,原球茎分化出的小苗也较细弱.白芨生根壮苗最适培养基为1/2 g·L-1 NAA+2.0 g·L-1活性炭+1.0 mg·L-1 +1.0 mMS GA3.生根壮苗培养基中加入活性炭和GA3有利于根的生长和壮苗,且植株长势健壮.炼苗基质为腐殖土和蛭石(1∶1),成活率可达90%以上.     

白芨萜类化合物对人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡和细胞骨架的作用

利用白芨萜类化合物处理人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）并进一步研究了细胞凋亡及细胞骨架.白芨萜类化合物可拮抗血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）和碱性成纤维细胞生物因子（bFGF）刺激的HUVECs增殖并诱导细胞凋亡.在处理的HUVECs中caspase-8活性明显增加.流式细胞术分析显示经处理的HUVECs的凋亡率随处理时间延长而升高.通过对微管进行免疫荧光染色和微丝进行荧光染色后,用激光共焦扫描显微观察表明,白芨萜类化合物处理的HUVECs中的微管和微丝发生改变甚至被破坏.因此,白芨萜类化合物造成HUVECs凋亡很可能是通过促使微管解体以及微丝去组装造成的.     

Potential Distribution of Bletilla striata (Orchidaceae) in China and Its Climate Characteristics

The potential distribution of Bletilla striata and its climate characteristics was predicted with MaxEnt model and ArcGIS. The data was based on the information of geographic distribution of the plant and its dominant climate factors. The results showed that the model built by dominant climate factors had an ideal forecasting effect, which was tested by the ROC curve (AUC > 09). The model revealed that the potential distribution areas were mainly in the south of the Qinling Mountains and Huai river. The major suitable provinces for the plant were mainly restricted to Yunnan, Hubei, Sichuan, Hunan and Jiangxi. A jackknife test in MaxEnt suggested that Min temperature of Apr(tmin4), Min temperature of Oct (tmin10), Temperature annual range (bio7) and Precipitation of Nov (prc11) were the most important climate variables affecting the potential distribution of the plant. The results can provide some theoretical basis for the resources protection, germplasm collections and reasonable development and utilization of wild Bletilla striata.     

白及根部内生真菌多样性研究

白及是地生兰科多年生草本植物,是常见的中草药之一。白及根是白及植株吸收养分和水分的主要场所,开展其根部内生真菌的群落组成及多样性分析,对了解云南原生境白及与根部内生真菌间的共生关系具有重要意义。本研究采用形态学和ITS rDNA分子系统发育分析相结合的方法进行菌株鉴定。结果表明,3个采样点的白及根部分离到可培养内生真菌32株,包括9个目、13个科、16个属。其中木霉属Trichoderma、镰刀菌属Fusarium、拟盘多毛孢属Pestalotiopsis为优势类群,分别占总物种数的21.88%、18.75%、9.38%;中碳垫菌属Nemania、丛赤壳属Nectria、炭角菌属Xylaria、紫霉属Purpureocillium、刺盘孢属Colletotrichum、黑孢子菌属Nigrospora、Biscogniauxia、腐质霉属Humicola、脉孢菌属Neurospora、拟茎点霉属Phomopsis、植物腐霉Phytopythium、毛霉属Mucor、伞状霉属Umbelopsis为常见内生真菌类群。α多样性指数分析表明：各采样点的白及根部内生真菌物种多样性最高的是昆明市水源保护区采样点（D=0.799,H’=1.698）,保山市龙陵县采样点物种多样性最低（D=0.787,H’=1.580）。β多样性分析采样点之间的Jaccard（0.912-0.993）、Bray-Curtis（0.838-0.986）和UniFrac（加权0.618-0.631;不加权0.770-0.799）距离,结果表明3个采样点之间的内生真菌群落组成存在差异。3个采样点的不同地理环境和土壤类型给白及提供了不同的生境条件,是影响白及根部内生真菌物种丰度和群落组成差异的主要因素之一。     

水分对药用兰科植物白及生理和形态结构的影响

通过水分控制实验,研究不同土壤水分条件对白及(Bletilla striata(Thunb.ex A.Murray)Rchb.f.)光合作用、叶片解剖结构、生物量和多糖含量的影响。结果表明,低水分处理不仅使白及的最大光合速率、气孔导度、光反应中心Ⅱ活性及叶绿素含量等参数降低;也使叶肉层变薄、上表皮增厚、生物量和多糖含量下降。气孔导度降低是白及在低水分条件下光合能力下降的主要原因。低水分条件可引起白及光合碳同化能力下降,导致生物量和多糖积累减少,进而影响白及的产量和品质。